Abuluzi amatha kubadwanso akataya michira yawo, ndipo nkhanu zimatha kubadwanso zitataya mapazi awo, koma poyerekeza ndi nyama zomwe zimawoneka ngati "zachikale", anthu ataya mphamvu zambiri zakubadwanso panthawi yachisinthiko. Kukhoza kubwezeretsanso miyendo mwa akuluakulu ndi pafupifupi palibe, kupatulapo makanda omwe amatha kubadwanso akataya zala zawo. Zotsatira zake, moyo wa anthu amene amataya ziwalo chifukwa cha ngozi kapena matenda angakhudzidwe kwambiri, ndipo kupeza zoloŵa m’malo mwa zamoyo zakhala njira yofunika kwambiri kwa madokotala kuwongolera miyoyo ya anthu odulidwa ziwalo.
Kalekale ku Igupto wakale, pakhala pali zolembedwa za manja ochita kupanga. M’buku lakuti “The Sign of the Four” la Conan Doyle, mulinso kufotokoza kwa munthu wakupha amene amagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zoimbira kuti aphe anthu.
Komabe, opaleshoni yotereyi imathandizira pang'onopang'ono koma sizingatheke kusintha moyo wa munthu wodulidwa. Ma prosthetics abwino ayenera kutumiza zizindikiro kumbali zonse ziwiri: kumbali imodzi, wodwalayo akhoza kulamulira ma prosthetics mwawokha; Kumbali ina, chiwalo chodzikongoletsera chingafunikire kutumiza zotulukapo zake ku khosi la ubongo la wodwalayo, mofanana ndi chiwalo chachibadwa chokhala ndi minyewa, kuwapatsa lingaliro la kukhudza.
Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adayang'ana kwambiri pakulemba ma code aubongo kuti alole maphunziro (anyani ndi anthu) kuwongolera zida za robot ndi malingaliro awo. Koma m'pofunikanso kupereka prosthetic tanthauzo. Njira yooneka ngati yophweka ngati kugwira imakhudza mayankho ovutirapo, pamene timasintha mphamvu ya zala zathu mosazindikira molingana ndi momwe manja athu amamvera, kuti tisamazembetse zinthu kapena kuzitsina kwambiri. M'mbuyomu, odwala omwe anali ndi manja opindika amayenera kudalira maso awo kuti adziwe mphamvu ya zinthu. Pamafunika kusamala kwambiri ndi mphamvu kuti tichite zinthu zomwe tingachite pouluka, koma ngakhale zili choncho nthawi zambiri zimaswa zinthu.
Mu 2011, Yunivesite ya Duke idachita zoyeserera zingapo pa anyani. Anyaniwa ankagwiritsa ntchito maganizo awo kuti azitha kugwira zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Dzanja la nyani linatumiza zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana ku ubongo wa nyani pamene linakumana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pa maphunziro, anyani adatha kusankha bwino zinthu zina ndi kulandira mphotho ya chakudya. Sikuti ichi ndi chiwonetsero choyambirira cha kuthekera kopatsa ma prosthetics kukhudza, komanso zikuwonetsa kuti anyani amatha kuphatikiza ma tactile ma sign omwe amatumizidwa ndi ubongo wa prosthesis ndi ma sign owongolera magalimoto omwe amatumizidwa ndi ubongo kupita ku prosthesis, kupereka chidziwitso chokwanira. malingaliro osiyanasiyana kuchokera kukhudza kukhudza kukhudza kuwongolera kusankha kwa mkono kutengera kutengeka.
Kuyeserako, ngakhale kunali kwabwino, kunali kwaubongo chabe ndipo sikunaphatikizepo chiwalo chenichenicho. Ndipo kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuphatikiza neurobiology ndi engineering yamagetsi. M’mwezi wa January ndi February chaka chino, mayunivesite awiri a ku Switzerland ndi ku United States anasindikiza mapepala paokha akugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzimodziyo yolumikiza ma prosthetics amphamvu kwa odwala oyesera.
Mu February, asayansi ku Ecole Polytechnique ku Lausanne, Switzerland, ndi mabungwe ena, adanena za kafukufuku wawo mu pepala lofalitsidwa mu Science Translational Medicine. Adapereka phunziro lazaka 36, Dennis Aabo S? Rensen, wokhala ndi masamba 20 omvera m'manja mwa robotic omwe amatulutsa zomverera zosiyanasiyana.
Njira yonseyi ndi yovuta. Choyamba, madokotala pachipatala cha Gimili ku Rome anaika maelekitirodi m'mitsempha iwiri ya mkono ya Sorensen, yapakati ndi ya m'mimba. Mitsempha ya m'mphuno imayendetsa chala chaching'ono, pamene mitsempha yapakati imayendetsa chala ndi chala chachikulu. Ma electrode atayikidwa, madokotala adalimbikitsa misempha ya Sorensen yapakati ndi yam'mimba, ndikumupatsa chinthu chomwe sanamvepo kwa nthawi yayitali: adamva kuti dzanja lake likusowa likuyenda. Zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe cholakwika ndi dongosolo lamanjenje la Sorensen.
Asayansi ku Ecol Polytechnique ku Lausanne ndiye adayika masensa pamanja a robotic omwe amatha kutumiza ma siginecha amagetsi kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri ngati kukakamizidwa. Pomaliza, ofufuzawo adalumikiza mkono wa robotic ndi mkono woduka wa Sorensen. Zomverera m'dzanja la roboti zimatenga malo a neurons m'manja mwa munthu, ndipo maelekitirodi olowetsedwa m'mitsempha m'malo mwa minyewa yomwe imatha kutumiza zizindikiro zamagetsi mumkono wotayika.
Atakhazikitsa ndi kukonza zida, ochita kafukufukuwo adayesa mayeso angapo. Pofuna kupewa zododometsa zina, anatseka maso a Sorensen, kutseka makutu ake ndikumulola kuti agwire kokha ndi dzanja la robotiki. Iwo adapeza kuti Sorensen sakanangoweruza kuuma ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu zomwe adakhudza, komanso kusiyanitsa pakati pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, monga zinthu zamatabwa ndi nsalu. Kuphatikiza apo, ubongo wa manipulator ndi Sorensen amalumikizana bwino komanso amalabadira. Choncho akhoza kusintha msanga mphamvu yake akatenga chinachake ndi kuchisunga mokhazikika. "Zinandidabwitsa chifukwa MWADZIDZI ndinayamba kumva zomwe sindinamve kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zapitazi," adatero Sorensen muvidiyo yoperekedwa ndi Ecole Polytechnique ku Lausanne. "Ndikasuntha mkono wanga, ndinkamva zomwe ndikuchita m'malo mongoyang'ana zomwe ndikuchita."
Kafukufuku wofananira adachitika ku Case Western Reserve University ku United States. Nkhani yawo inali Igor Spetic, 48, wa Madison, Ohio. Anataya dzanja lake lamanja pamene nyundo inamugwera pamene ankapanga zida za aluminiyamu za injini za jet.
Njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ofufuza a Case Western Reserve University ndi yofanana ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ECOLE Polytechnique ku Lausanne, ndi kusiyana kumodzi kofunikira. Ma elekitirodi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Ecole Polytechnique ku Lausanne anaboola ma neuroni mu mkono wa Sorensen mu axon; Ma electrode ku Case Western Reserve University samalowa mu neuron, koma amazungulira pamwamba pake. Yoyamba ikhoza kutulutsa zizindikiro zomveka bwino, zomwe zimapatsa odwala malingaliro ovuta komanso osokonezeka.
Koma kuchita zimenezi kuli ndi zoopsa zomwe zingatheke kwa ma electrode ndi ma neuroni. Asayansi ena akuda nkhawa kuti ma elekitirodi owukirawo angayambitse zotsatira zoyipa za ma neuroni, komanso kuti ma elekitirodi sangakhale olimba. Komabe, ofufuza m'mabungwe onsewa ali ndi chidaliro kuti atha kuthana ndi zofooka za njira yawo. Spiderdick imapanganso lingaliro lodziwika bwino la kupatukana ndi sandpaper, mipira ya thonje, ndi tsitsi. Ofufuza ku Ecole Polytechnique ku Lausanne, komabe, adati ali ndi chidaliro cha kukhazikika komanso kukhazikika kwa electrode yawo yowononga, yomwe idatenga pakati pa miyezi isanu ndi inayi mpaka 12 pa makoswe.
Komabe, ndi molawirira kwambiri kuti tiyike kafukufukuyu pamsika. Kuphatikiza pa kulimba ndi chitetezo, kumasuka kwa ma prosthetics omveka akadali kutali kwambiri. Sorenson ndi Specdick anakhalabe mu labu pamene ma prosthetics anali kuikidwa. Manja awo, okhala ndi mawaya ndi zida zambiri, samawoneka ngati ziwalo za bionic za nthano za sayansi. Silvestro Micera, pulofesa ku Ecole Polytechnique ku Lausanne yemwe adachitapo kafukufukuyu, adati zitha zaka zingapo kuti ma prosthetics oyamba, omwe amawoneka ngati abwinobwino, achoke mu labotale.
"Ndili wokondwa kuona zomwe akuchita. Ndikuyembekeza kuti zimathandiza ena. Ndikudziwa kuti sayansi imatenga nthawi yaitali. Ngati sindingathe kuigwiritsa ntchito tsopano, koma munthu wotsatira akhoza, ndizo zabwino."
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-14-2021